淡水鱼鱼鳞生物结合力与去鳞特性的试验研究

为研究影响淡水鱼去鳞难易程度的因素,以鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、鳊鱼4种淡水鱼为试验对象,利用TMS-PRO质构仪对鱼鳞与鱼体的生物结合力进行了测量,研究了鱼鳞所处部位、加载速率、死亡时间对鱼鳞生物结合力的影响。同时,测量了淡水鱼单位面积内的鱼鳞数目,淡水鱼的滑动摩擦角,进行了去鳞试验。在此基础上分析并验证了单位面积鱼鳞生物结合力对去鳞的影响,表明淡水鱼单位面积鱼鳞生物结合力越大,去鳞越难,为去鱼鳞设备的研制提供参考。     

用气孔计测定沙漠人工植物的蒸腾

本研究利用LI-1600气孔计测定了沙坡头试验站土壤水分平衡观测场4个样地的油蒿和柠条的蒸腾。结果表明,气孔计同步测定的光合有效辐射的日变化呈现出典型的钟罩形,受此影响的气温和空气相对湿度的变化很大;在同一天的测定中,油蒿和柠条的蒸腾速率和气孔导度变化步调是一致的。将气孔计测定的蒸腾速率依次进行了单位换算、多项式拟合日变化曲线和尺度转换求得日蒸腾量,拟合的日变化曲线均达到显著水平(P<0.05);4个样地油蒿的日蒸腾量显著高于柠条的(P<0.05);柠条和油蒿混合栽植的2个样地的日蒸腾量均小于纯柠条和纯油蒿样地的日蒸腾量。     

原条量材设计优化软件的研制

根据原条量材设计赋权有向图优化理论数学模型 ,按标号法对有向图求解的思路编制了原条量材设计优化软件。该软件采用的用户界面是对话框类型 ,利用双向链表存储常见木材缺陷的信息 ,并把缺陷的判定作为一个函数来使用 ;利用数据库技术把原木价格表按树种分成若干个数据库存储起来 ,并使用ADO数据对象访问技术作为检索数据库的方法。该软件可在Windows9X、WindowsXP、Windows2 0 0 0等操作系统下运行 ,速度较快 ,能够满足量材需要 ,并对改变目前靠经验量材的生产现状 ,使原条量材设计工作更加科学、合理 ,具有一定的指导意义。     

Pulse Signal Analysis of Druggers with the Wavelet and Neural Network

The most significant difference between the human pulse signals collected from heroin druggers and healthy persons is at their amplitude waveforms as time functions. That is, the amplitude values and change rates of two types of signals, within a particular time range, appear different features. However, the partial components of the scaling and wavelet coefficients of the pulse signals obtained by using wavelet transform can reveal such key features. The pulse signals of 15 heroin druggers and 15 healthy persons are analyzed through using the muhiresolution analysis of wavelet transform. By using db2 orthogonal wavelet, every pulse signal is decomposed into three levels and the absolute values of the sixth component of scaling coefficients and the second component of the wavelet coefficients in the third level are combined to form a feature vector. A probabilistic neural network with good detection performance is successfully designed for automatically detecting 30 feature vectors. During the network design, 20 feature vectors are used as training samples. The remained 10 feature vectors are used as testing samples. Based on these steps, 15 heroin druggers and 15 healthy persons are all correctly identified. In other words, the detection rate arrives at 100%. druggers.     

An Analysis of the Scaling Failure of the Nodular Iron Composite Polls

It is recognized that the scaling failure of nodular iron composite rolls in hot rolling is a problem of fatigue brittle fracture. The temperature field,stress,critical crack size as well as the interior quality of the rolls are presented. The theory of fracture mechanics is used to explain the cause of the scaling failure. At the same time, the way to extend the durability of the rolls is also studied.     

Investigations concerning the sustainability of remediation by land deposition of tributyltin contaminated harbour sediments

Sediments often contain high concentrations of tributyltin, which is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. The aim of our project was to assess land deposition as an alternative in dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. Therefore, we followed the biological degradation of TBT under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at different temperatures using defined laboratory experiments and performing field measurements. With the data obtained, a risk assessment is performed. The biological degradation of TBT is faster under aerobic conditions and with increasing temperature. The half-lives found show the dependency of the degradation rates on the temperature between 5 to 55°C The degradation rate determined for water under the same conditions (just biological degradation, without photolysis) is almost 4 times higher than in the sediment. The field studies gave a degradation rate of around 10% per year in untreated sediment and 30% per year in restacked sediments. We did not observe any interference of released TBT with ground water or surrounding areas. The TBT uptake in plants was low. Based on our results, a multidimensional risk evaluation was done, concerning the TBT and its degradation products dibutyl tin (DBT) and rnonobutyl tin (MBT) released from the deposition area. The land deposition appears to be a sustainable solution for dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. Compared to other disposals, it is economically one of the cheapest and, from an ecological point of view, it is acceptable.     

Correlations between camptothecin and related metabolites in Camptotheca acuminata reveal similar biosynthetic principles and in planta synergistic effects

Camptothecin (CPT), 9-methoxycamptothecin (9-MeO-CPT), and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10-OH-CPT) are potent antineoplastic metabolites. We analyzed these metabolites in Camptotheca acuminata sampled from Germany and China, using LC-MS/MS and LC-ESI-HRMS/MS, coupled with chemometrics. Multivariate analysis revealed that fresh stems of C. acuminata from China had the highest comprehensive metabolite load. Significant positive correlations of CPT with 9-MeO-CPT and 10-OH-CPT were observed by Kruskal's multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis. Linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis revealed that C. acuminata from China was separated from others. These positive correlations indicate that these metabolites are biosynthesized similarly and operate synergistically in planta.     

温室葡萄蒸散量时间尺度提升方法优选

为探索在东北寒区温室种植环境下温室葡萄蒸散发（Evapotranspiration,ET）规律与不同时间尺度ET转化方法,该研究对温室葡萄蒸散过程及环境因子进行2 a的连续监测,利用3种尺度提升方法（蒸发比法、改进蒸发比法、作物系数法）对葡萄ET进行了瞬时到日以及日到全生育期的时间尺度提升。结果表明：利用蒸发比法、改进蒸发比法和作物系数法进行ET瞬时到日尺度提升的关键参数在08:00-16:00变化平稳,平均值分别为0.54、0.52和0.76,变异系数平均值分别为0.11、0.10和0.09。采用3种日尺度提升方法对葡萄ET进行瞬时到日尺度提升时,基于不同评价指标确定的最优模型和最佳尺度提升时间均不一致。进一步,利用综合评价指标确定了4个生育期的最佳模拟时刻,基于该时刻进行瞬时到日尺度提升模拟,模拟精度以蒸发比法最高,作物系数法最低,改进蒸发比法居中。2020和2021年蒸发比法模拟的R2分别达到0.92和0.89,相对均方根误差仅为20.23%和21.49%。利用不同生育期的日蒸腾进行生育期尺度ET提升,其中果实膨大期效果最好,基于3种方法利用该生育期日数据进行全生育期ET模拟,模拟精度仍然以蒸发比法最高,作物系数法最低,改进蒸发比法居中。蒸发比法在2020和2021年的ET模拟绝对误差仅为1.8和7.4 mm,相对误差仅为0.68%和2.73%。研究为东北地区温室葡萄的水分管理提供科学依据。     

多尺度土壤入渗特性的变异特征和传递函数构建

土壤入渗特性的变异特征具有明显空间依赖性和尺度效应,其多尺度上的参数估值是农田灌溉设计和管理的重要基础。该研究以在关中平原进行的52组双环入渗试验为基础,通过比较不同方法计算的标定因子对Kostiakov公式的标定效果,结合小波分析和通径分析方法识别并量化分析标定因子和土壤特性参数（土壤机械组成、容重、初始含水率和有机质含量）在多尺度的相关性,在此基础上分别利用多元线性回归（Multiple Linear Regression, MLR）、BP神经网络（BP Artificial Neural Network, BP-ANN）和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）3种方法构建估算标定因子的土壤传递函数。结果表明,采用最小二乘法计算标定因子对Kostiakov公式的标定效果最优,所有测点标定后累积入渗量与实测值的均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error, RMSE）、平均偏差（Mean Bias Error, MBE）、相对误差绝对值均值（Mean Absolute Value of Relative Error, MARE）分别为1.83 cm、0.24 cm、21.2%;多尺度条件下,土壤容重、砂粒、黏粒和有机质含量组合是引起研究区域标定因子空间变化的主要变异源,其中标定因子与砂粒和有机质含量呈显著正相关关系,总通径系数分别为0.78和0.65,与黏粒和土壤容重呈显著负相关关系,总通径系数分别为?0.74和?0.68;采用SVM法构建估算标定因子的土壤传递函数精度最高,其验证集所得入渗量估算值与实测值具有较高的一致性,两者间的RMSE、MBE和MARE分别为1.92 cm、0.05 cm和27.6%,说明SVM法可用于构建估算标定因子的土壤传递函数。研究结果有助于揭示多尺度上土壤入渗特性的变异特征和解决入渗参数难以快速获取的问题。     

多元Sikkema-Kantorovich算子在Orlicz空间中的逼近逆定理

研究了多元S ikkem a-Kantorovich算子在O rlicz空间中的逼近问题,得到弱型逆定理.